2020年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解D

3.内容将如何发展下去？

人与植物之间的联系一直是科学研究的主题。最近的研究发现了一些积极影响，例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦市进行的一项研究发现，该市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。另一项研究显示，当员工的工作场所装饰有室内植物时，工作效率会提高15%。

高考英语卷阅读填空 英语高考阅读真题

高考英语卷阅读填空 英语高考阅读真题

高考英语卷阅读填空 英语高考阅读真题

The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）he taken it a step further changing the actual comition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，n unusual functions. These include plants that he sensors printed onto their lees to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use ry day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

麻省理工学院的工程师们研究更进一步，他们改变了植物的实际成分，以便让它们实现多种多样，甚至不寻常的功能。其中包括在叶子上印上传感器，当它们缺水时可以显示的植物，还有一种可以检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。麻省理工学院化学工程迈克尔·斯特拉诺解释道：“我们正在考虑如何设计出取代我们每天使用的物品功能的植物”。

One of his lat“玩拼图游戏的孩子在评估他们旋转和变换形状能力要比没有玩拼图游戏的孩子好，”莱文在一份声明中说。est projects has been to make plants grow in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or n to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.

他最近的一个项目是在实验中使用普通蔬菜让植物生长。斯特拉诺的团队发现，他们可以创造出持续三个半小时的微弱光线。光大约是阅读所需的千分之一，这只是一个开始。斯特拉诺说，这项技术有一天可以用来照亮整个房间，甚至可以把树变成自供电的路灯。

in the future，the team hopes to dlop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant lees in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to dlop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exed to daylight.

研究小组希望在未来开发出一种技术，一次性喷洒在植物叶子上，却可以持续植物的一生。工程师们还试2.精读泛读相辅相存。图开发一种开关，当暴露在日光下时，光会消失。

Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during tranission.

照明用电约占美国总用电量的7%。因为照明通常远离电源—例如，从发电厂到偏远公路上路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失大量能量.

发光植物可以缩短这种距离，从而有助于节约能源。

2009年高考英语卷 - 阅读理解C

部分听力(30分，共两节，计入总分)；

How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feeling

B. carry out a survey among readers

房间设计如何影响我们的工作和感觉

第三部分语言知识运用(包含完形填空和语法填空，共两节，45分)；

Architects he long had the feeling that the place we live in can affect our thoughts, feeling and behiors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.

长期以来，建筑师一直认为我们居住的地方会影响我们的思想、感觉和行为。但现在科学家们正在给这种感觉提供一个经验基础，他们正在研究空间设计如何促进创造力、让人们集中注意力以及获得放松。

Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.

研究表明，物理环境的各个方面都会影响创造力。2007年，明尼苏达大学的Joan Meyers-Levy报告说，房间天花板的高度影响人们的思考。她的研究表明，较高的天花板鼓励人们更自由地思考，这可能导致他们建立更抽象的联系。另一方面，较低的天花板可能会引发更详细的展望。

In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.

除了天花板的高度，建筑物提供的视野可能会影响居住者的专注能力。南希·威尔斯和她的康奈尔大学的同事们发现，因为搬家周围绿植有大幅增长的孩子在标准的注意力测试中表现。

Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenn Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.

佐治亚大学的学院设计与规划实验室负责人C. Kenn Tanner的一项研究表明，用自然来提高注意力可以获得学业上的回报。Tanner和他的团队发现，窗户外至少50英尺视野畅通无阻的教室里，学生在词汇、语言艺术和数学测试中的得分高于那些教室位于道路和停车场旁的学生。

Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim light s people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner, or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could visitors relax.

最近关于室内照明设计的研究表明，暗淡的光线有助于人们放松。如果这是普遍的真理，那么在晚餐或派对上保持暗淡的光线有助放松。哈佛医学院的研究人员还发现，边缘呈圆形的家具有助游客放松。

So far scientists he focused mainly on public buildings. “We he a very limited number of studies, so we are almost looking at the problem through a straw,” architect Did Allison says;“How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalize use of them? That is what we are all struggling with.”

到目前为止，科学家们主要集中在公共建筑上。“我们的研究数量非常有限，所以我们只是管中窥豹”，建筑师大卫·艾利森说；“如何回答非常具体的问题，并广泛、概括地使用？这就是我们都在努力解决的问题。”

2010年高考英语江苏卷 - 阅读理解A

Still, 55 percent of Australians he a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their artphones, according to a survey. Of those Australians who still he a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they nr use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.

Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is "What's your name?" Everyone gives a different answer，but ryone is correct.

C. not all B. not a bit D. not obvious

通常，当你的老师问一个问题时，只有一个正确。但有一个问题目前有数百万个，这个问题就是“你叫什么名字？”每个人给出不同的，但每个人都是正确的。

你有没有想过人们的名字？它们来自哪里？是什么意思

People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person．A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

人们的名字由父母决定。有时使用祖父母或其他家庭成员的名字。一些父母选择名人的名字，男孩可以叫乔治··史密斯，女孩可以叫海伦·凯勒·琼斯。

Some people give their children names that mean good things．Clara means"bright"; Beatr means "one who gives happiness"; Donald means"world ruler"; Leonard means"as bre as a lion"．

有些人给孩子起的名字意味着好的寓意。Clara（克拉拉）的意思是“聪明的”；Beatr（比阿特丽斯）的意思是“给人幸福的人”；Donald（唐纳德）的意思是“世界统治者”；Leonard（伦纳德）的意思是“像狮子一样勇敢”。

The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook; someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, ped road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a l希望上面的经验，能够给你帮助，至于介绍书籍嘛，我建议你可以通过多看看报纸电视来学英语，当然多和别人交流对英语水平提高最有利，毕竟你所处的环境对你提高英语很有帮助，介绍你看看英文版的哈里波特6，对你也许有帮助eafy forest．

最早的姓氏来自地名。Brook（布鲁克）或Brooks（布鲁克斯）家族可能住在brook（小溪）旁；一个叫Longstreet的人可能住在一条长长的公路上。Greenwood一家住在一片茂密的森林里或附近。

Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, iths were very important workers in ry town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter﹣a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter﹣a person who made pots and pans．

其他早期姓氏来自人们的职业。最常见的职业名称是Smith，意思是用铁或其他金属制造物品的人。过去，ith是每个城镇和村庄非常重要的工人。其他一些职业名称是：Carter﹣拥有或驾驶手推车的人；Potter﹣制造锅碗瓢盆的人。

The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village．The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture. Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Baker（贝克）家族的祖先可能为他们家乡的邻居烤面包。Carpenter的远祖可能建造房屋和家具。有时，人们因头发或皮肤的颜色、体型或特殊能力而闻名。当同一个村子里有两个叫John（约翰）的人时，灰色头发的约翰可能会变成John Gray。或者John很高，可以称自己为John Tallman。John Fish可能是一名的游泳运动员，John Lightfoot可能是一名跑步运动员或的舞者。

Some family names were made by adding soming to the father's name. English-speaking people added -s or -son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O'Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

有些姓氏是在父亲的名字上加了一些字母。说英语添加-s获-son。Johnsons一家是John的后代；Roberts一家的祖先是Robert。爱尔兰和苏格兰人添加Mac或Mc或O。也许所有的MacDonnells家族、McDonnells家族和O'Donnells家族都是Donnell家族的后代。

高考英语阅读理解试题附

节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

高考英语阅读理解试题附

做英语阅读理解题的时候不能只是做，还要学会分析和总结。为了帮助大家，我分享了一些阅读理解试题，希望能对大家有所帮助!

高考英语阅读理解试题【1】 Very few people were coming to eat at the White Rose Restaurant, and its owner did not know what to do. The pr was reasonable and the food was of good quality, but nobody seemed to want to eat there.

Then he did soming that changed all that, and in a few weeks his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends. Whenr a gentleman came in with a lady, a iling waiter ge each of them a menu(菜单), The menu looked exactly the same on the outside, but there was an important difference inside. The menu that the waiter ge to the man supplied the correct pr for each dish and each bottle of wine. while the menu that he ge to the lady supplied a much higher pr! So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous(慷慨) than he really was.

41. Why didn’t people come to the White Rose Restaurant to eat at first?

A. Because the pr was high.

B. Because the food was too cheap.

C. Because the food was not good.

D. The passage didn’t mention.

42. According to the passage we can conclude that the people who eat at this restaurant are mostly _______________.

A. poor old people B. rich young people

C. men with their girl friends D. parents with their children

43. The difference between the two kinds of menu lie in ______________.

A. the color B. the shape

C. the pr D. the food

44. According to the passage we can infer that when men with their girl friends eat at this restaurant, the food was paid ___________________.

A. always by the ladies only

B. always by the men only

C. sometimes by the ladies

D. either by the men or by the ladies

45. According to the passage we can know that, generally speaking, ____________.

A. men are more generous than women

B. women are more generous than men

D. women like their men friends to be generous

【与解A. presenting research findings析】 41—45 DCCBD

A篇：本文主要讲述: 尽管 White Rose 餐馆价钱合理，饭菜也好，但很少有人光顾，店主为此想出了一条妙计，从此餐馆生意兴隆。

41. D。推理判断题。根据自然段可知原文没有说人们为什么不到餐馆就餐，所以为D。

42. C。细节理解题。根据第二自然段第1句 …his restaurant is always full of men with their lady friends 可知为 C。

43. C。细节理解题。根据第二自然段 The menu that the waiter ge to the man supplied the correct pr for each dish and each bottle of wine. While…the lady supplied a much higher pr 可知为 C。

44. B。推理判断题。根据一句 So when the man calmly ordered dish after dish and wine after wine, the lady thought he was much more generous than he really was 可推断出为B。

45. D。推理判断题。根据原文可知侍者给男士的那个菜单价格合理，而给女士的那个菜单价格却很高，但两种菜单表面上看却一样，这样女士就会认为她们的男友很大方，因此餐馆的这种做法很受男士欢迎，由此可知女人们喜欢自己的男友大方。所以为 D。

高考英语阅读理解试题【2】 When you look at yourself in the ror, do yo wonder why you look the way you do? Do you also wonder what biological processes were at work to shape your face, which is as individual and unique as a fingerprint?

"Our results suggest that there are thousands of enhancers in the human genome that are involved in facial dlopment," said Axel Visel, a geneticist with Berkeley Lab's Genomics Division, who led the research. "We don't know yet what all of these enhancers do, but we do know that they are out there and they are important for facial dlopment."

Scientists he previously been able to identify some of the genetic faults that can cause birth defects, such as a cleft lip(兔唇), but hen't been able to fully understand what genetic factors are responsible for subtle differences in appearance.

26. The author put forward two questions at the beginning of the passage to ________.

A. expect readers to answer them

C. start a discussion among readers

D. draw readers attention to the topic

27. From Paragraph 3, we know that________.

A. identical twins look similar but not exactly the same

B. hereditary factors determine our appearance compley

C. a child resembles a parent because of afterbirth factors

D. the gene enhancer is soming useless and unimportant

28. The underlined word "subtle" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to"___________".

A. not a little

29. According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?

A. A cleft lip is a kind of birth defects which are caused by genetic faults.

D. The relation between genetic factors and subtle differences in appearance remains a mystery.

30. Which part of a website is the passage probably taken from?

A. Culture.

B. Opinion. D. Business.

【参】26-30 DADBC

你照镜子的时候，曾想过为什么会是这个样子吗?你还想过什么生物过程在起作用使你的脸像指纹一样与众不同吗?

26. D。作者意图题。通读全文及段可知。27. A。细节理解题。从第三段两句Even with identical twins, there are subtle differences in appearance. Identical twins Linda and Terry Jamison look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.可知。

28. D。词义猜测题。从第三段一句Identical twins Linda and Terry Jamison look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.可知即便是十分相像的双胞胎，外貌上也是有很细微的'别的。

29. B。细节理解题。从一段的Scientists he previously been able to identify...but hen’t been able to fully understand...可知。

高考英语阅读理解试题【3】 Grown- ups are often surprised by how well they remember soming they learned as children but he nr practd r since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as r when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we he learned soming, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to pract such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we he learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star”and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B. Children he a better memory than grown- ups

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

B. setting down general rules

C. a comparison

D. using examples

3. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is

A. a result of overlearning

B. a special case of crB. Genetic faults can not be identified and fully understood with today's technology.amming

C. a skill to deal with math problems

4. What is the author’s opinion on cramming?

A. It leads to failure in college exams.

B. It’s ful only in a limited way.

C. It’s sible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students’learning interest.

【参】ADAB

;

2021年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解B

There were iling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, we to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and wed and iled as if those on the trains were their forite relatives. This is the village people of Malaysia. I was moved.

When almost ryone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline?

从那时起，我的旅程变得有趣起来。我把杂志扔进废纸篓，决定融入马来西亚的生活。然后一切都活跃起来了，群山似乎在对我说话，连树都在笑。我目不转睛地看着一切，仿佛我是第The findings were published in the journal Dlopmental Science .一次看见。

几乎每个人都有手机，那为什么超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍在为座机付费？

These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids he one in their pocket. Practically ryone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.

如今，在澳大利亚很难15岁以上的人几乎个个有手机。实际上，很多小孩子口袋里都有。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话。

然而，根据一项调查，55%的澳大利亚人家里有座机，只有略高于四分之一（29%）的人只依赖智能手机。在那些仍有座机的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人认为不是真的需要座机，只是把它当作一条安全毯——19%的人说他们从来不用，另有13%的人保留它是为了应付紧急情况。我认为我的家庭属于这一类。

More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor - only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.

超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然选择使用座机。年龄自然是一个因素——Y一代中只有58%仍然偶尔使用座机，而婴儿潮一代中有84%的人可能50年来一直拥有相同的家庭号码。年龄不是的因素；我想这也和你的家庭构成有关。

Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to he a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for ry family member. That said, to be honest the only people who r ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).

How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?

你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早上送牛奶的老路？

2020年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解A

Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore se energy.

History, Culture & Landscape. Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.

这样拥有年轻家庭的X一代，比如我和我的妻子还是认为拥有一部座机比为每个家庭成员提供一部手机更方便。说实话，只有婴儿潮一代的父母会打我们的座机，在我们拿起电话之前，我们会玩一个游戏，猜猜谁在打电话（来电显示会让我们失去乐趣）。

历史、文化与景观。探索并欣赏4个世纪的历史，以及5英亩的带花园步道的获奖花园。花园自1679年起属于哈塞尔家族，是果酱节的举办地。礼品和古董、植物销售、博物馆和中世纪大厅茶室。

Open: 29 Mar- 29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.

开放时间：3月29日——10月29日，周日至周四。

Tearoom, Gardens & Gifts Shop: 10.30 – 17.30 (16:00 in Oct).

茶室、花园、礼品店：10:30–17:30（10月至16:00）。

House: 11.15 – 16:00 (15.00 in Oct)

房子：11:15 –16:00（10月至15:00）

Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith

小镇：普尔桥和佩里思

Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Cetto and the artists from St Ives.

那些观看Abbot Hall 临时展览的人可能会认为他们在城市美术馆，这是可以理解的。令人印象深刻的藏品包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展品包括卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的画家。

Open: Min to Sat and Summer Sundays.10.30-17.00 Summer,10.30-16.00 Winter.

开放在阅读时要注意不同的英文文体，因为文体对信息的组织和布局模式有着重大影响。训练掌握各种英语文体的结构特征，有利于归纳文章和进行逻辑推理。例如：记叙文以叙事为主必定有三个要素：情节、人物和背景。情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索。因此，阅读记叙文时，必须抓住时间这条线索，以人物为中心，弄清故事的发生、发展、结局。再如议论文和说明文有一个共同点，就是段落大多有主题句（较多地出现在段首或段末），要抓住主题句，发掘每一个主旨，弄清文章的中心论点，以便更加详细地预测文章的内容，吃透整篇文章的表层及深层含义。时间：上午至周六和夏季周日。夏季10.30-17.00，冬季10.30-16.00。

Town: Kendal

小镇：肯德尔

Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought toger in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s soming for ryone!

发现、探索并欣赏获过奖的图利之家，在一个令人印象深刻的博物馆和美术馆里，将历史藏品、当代艺术和家庭乐趣汇集在一起。从精美艺术到互动娱乐，这里有四个奇妙的画廊可供参观，所以这里适合每个人！

开放时间：旺季 4月1日至10月31日：周一至周六 10.00-17.00，周日 11:00-17:00。

Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00-16.30,Sun 12.00-16.30

淡季 11月1日至3月31日：周一至周六 10:00-16:30，周日 12:00-16:30

小镇：卡莱尔

Discover William Wordsworth’s inspiration home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, nts and family activities throughout the year.

探索威廉·华兹华斯的灵感之家。参观他的湖滨别墅，穿过山坡花园，探索博物馆中丰富的藏品。参观商店，在咖啡馆里放松。全年有展览、活动和家庭活动。

Open: Daily,09.30-17.30(last admission 17.00).

开放时间：每天 09:30-17:30（入场时间17:00）。

Town: Graere

小镇：格拉斯米尔

怎么提高英语完形填空和阅读理解能力??

The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up to our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad nts of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean soming to us increases.

Of course, there are a number of hereditary(遗传) factors which determine appearance, for example, a child resembles a parent. The researchers, who outlined their findings in the journal Science, said the gene enhancer adjusts the genes to give your face its final unique look. Even with look similar but are not exactly the same in appearance.满意

阅读方法点滴

阅读是主动地、积极地获取信息的创造行为，是培养学生通过视觉感知书面文字符号并获取信息能力的途径，更是提高听、说、写能力的有力杠杆，它在英语学习中起着至关重要的作用。在近几年的高考英语试卷中，阅读的分值（阅读理解，完形填空，改错）占了整个试卷分值的一半以上。99年高考英语试卷阅读理解的篇幅在增长，难度也有所加大。笔者认为要提高英语阅读水平，学生需做到以下几点：

一、多采用Top-down阅读法

自上而下（Top-down）阅读是从语篇整体出发，把注意力集中在通过文字符号获取信息上，即按文章所给的标题先对文章的内容与含义作出推断，理解作者所要表达的意思。

运用自上而下的阅读法的关键是培养学生预测、推断文章内容和含义的能力，从而提高阅读理解能力。

通过略看文章的总体结构安排或文章的标题来预测文章的内容及深层含义，可从下列几方面去推测：

1.文章写了哪几方面的内容？

2.作者将从哪几方面来阐述？

二、正确处理好精读与泛读间的关系。

精读和泛读是阅读时两种主要方法，两者相辅相存，不可偏废也无法代替。

1.注重阅读材料的选择。

选择合适的精泛阅读材料是提高英语阅读的重要手段。选择字数为200左右，后面配有习题的阅读材料为宜。阅读材料体裁要多样化——叙事类、科普类、议论或说明类、广告类等。要注重文章的实用性。所选材料的难易程度以理解正确率达60%～70%，生词量不超过4%为恰当。

比起泛读，精读是点。对一些有一定难度写得较好的文章要进行剖析，要归纳、总结作者的写作意图、思路及中心论点，达到获取详细信息和深层次内容的目的。如果说精读是点，泛读即是面。只有通过大量阅读，才能积累大量词汇、结构和句型，才能积累大量词汇、结构和句型，才能扩大知识面，培养语感，提高对文字的反应能力。在泛读时，要根据上下文提高自己猜测生词的能力，不要一看到生词就查词典，要弄清文中批示代词和人称代词所指代的对象。要对自己进行限时阅读。一篇200字左右难度适中的阅读文章，争取6分钟之内做完其阅读理解题。在阅读时，要多积累英、美等的、历史、地理、文化及风俗方面的知识，这有利于提高阅读水平。要培养良好的阅读习惯。阅读时，要从意群上去看，不要逐字读，更不要用笔或手指边指边出声读，这样有碍理解文章的意思，而且影响阅读速度。

阅读是一个综合过程，阅读能力的提高更是一个循序渐进的过程。学生只有坚持不懈，锲而不舍地改进阅读方法，培养阅读兴趣，才能达到事半功倍的效果。

（一）重视英语词汇和习惯用法的积累

美国语言学家Driller (1978)根据词汇统计特征指出：如果我们认得25个最常见的英文单词，平均每页纸上的词我们会认得33%；如果认得135个常用词，则为50%；如果认得0个，则为78%；如果认得5 000个，则为80%；一旦记得10 000个，可达92%。可见，阅读能力的高低和词汇量的大小是分不开的，目前大部分学生的词汇量偏少, 这是影响阅读能力提高的主要因素。那么怎样才能提高学生的词汇量呢？

1． 构词记忆法

据估计，英语词汇有100万到120万，但大部分单词是由构词法构成的。构词法包括派生、合成和转化。在教学中，让学生掌握常用的前缀（un/dis/im/il /super.）、后缀( ly/ less/ ful/ ment…)的含义及用法，就可以根据已知词猜出它的派生词，从而达到扩大词汇的目的。如：前缀super 有超过，超越的含义，就可以猜出supermarket （超级市场）supernatural (超自然的)、 superman （超人）、superstar （超级明星）等词的含义。。

2． 联The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood. The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost rything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one’s future dlopment.想记忆法

由一个词联想到和它有关或无关的词，如看到live vi 生活，联想到其他词性及用法，如，直播的、活的等词义。

3． 广泛阅读记忆法

“To read well, you need a strong vocabulary.. To build a strong vocabulary, you need to read well.” 这句名言道出了阅读和词汇量的关系。要有流利的阅读，就必须有丰富的词汇。大量的阅读可以丰富你的词汇。

（二） 牢固掌握语法知识

近年来的NMET阅读理解短文的句式结构趋向复杂，语法知识在阅读中的作用已经突显出来。如在阅读中遇到另人费解的长句、难句，就可以借助语法，对句子进行适当的分析，搞清各部分的关系，从而准确理解整句的意思。以Decision-thinking is not unlike poker-it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.(NMET 2000) 为例。该句的29个词中包含了主语从句，宾语从句、并列句和破折号连接的附加说明等多种关系。其中并列句中又有复合句，复合句中又有并列句。只有把句子的成分一一理清，才能掌握其意思。

（三）、积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识

英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。例如在NMET2003的阅读理解A篇，该篇选材涉及地理，介绍了两座farthest/ most distant inhabited islands，一个为Guinness Book of Records 所认定的Tristan da Cunha;另一为复活岛（Easter Island）文章中出现了较多的专有名词，对于阅读经验不足的同学会形成干扰，而对于那些对Easter Day 等背景知识了解的同学，相对就会好些。另外在C篇中，出现了书刊号，如果熟悉这些，就会减少好多阅读困难。

（四）培养良好的阅读习惯，掌握有效的阅读技巧

要养成良好的阅读习惯，就要求平时多朗读，背诵精彩段落和文章，以培养语感。另外，有的同学在阅读时出声读、点读或回读，这些不良习惯都会影响阅读速度和对文章的理解。所以要克服这些不良习惯，作到不回读，不声读，不点读等。只有这样，阅读速度才能加快，理解的准确率才能提高。

除了良好的阅读习惯外，也要掌握正确的阅读技巧。教师要指导学生形成正确的思维方法。一般阅读时应注意以下几点：

1、略读（Skimming）即迅速浏览全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图。

2、跳读（Skipping） 即快速查找某一相关信息，读时要一目十行，对不相关的内容一带而过。

3、猜测生词(Guessing the new words) 在阅读过程中，不可避免的会遇到生词。如果一遇到生词就去查字典，或跳过去不看，都会影响对文章的理解。这样就要猜测生词的意思。不同的语境，单词的意思也就不一样。所以要根据上下文线索和构词法等知识去猜测。

“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒” 提高阅读能力，不是一朝一夕就能做到的。只要坚持正确的阅读方法，培养兴趣，广泛阅读，积累词汇，并且养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读理解能力一定会逐步提高。

1999年高考英语全国卷 - 阅读理解E

文字的力量在于它们的组合——然后在我们的大脑中呈现。文字的内涵取决于我们的经验；我们活得越久，某些特定的文字就越能让我们回忆起过去的快乐或悲伤；我们读得越多，学得越多，对我们有意义的文字就越多。

When a group of children poliy stop a conversation with you, saying:“We he to go to work now,” you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools and that the work“they go off” is to go on the stage in a theater.

学校承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们正在接受的职业中取得成功。那么，那些没有成功的孩子会怎样呢？虽然所有主要的学校都说他们非常重视孩子取得好的学习成绩，但事实似乎表明，情况并非总是如此。

当一群孩子礼貌地停止与你的对话，说：“我们现在得去上班了，”你会感到惊讶，当然也会感到不安。毕竟，现在是20世纪90年代，孩子们工作的想法是不可想象的，直到他们告诉你他们都是舞台学校的学生，“他们要去做”的工作就是在剧院的舞台上表演。

30. C。推理判断题。该短文是科普文章，故要到网站的科学信息部分才能读到。

Stage schools often act as agencies to supply children for stage and evision work. More worthy of the name “stage school” are those few places where children attend full time, with training for the theatre and a general education.

舞台学校经常充当中介机构为孩子们提供舞台和电视工作。更应该称之为“舞台学校”的是少数几个为孩子们提供全日制学习的地方，包括戏剧培训和常规教育。

A visit to such schools will lee you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?

毫无疑问，参观这样的学校，你会发现孩子们很开心。毕竟，活泼的孩子怎么会满足于只花半天时间做普通学校的作业，另半天时间表演、唱歌或跳舞呢？

Then of course there is time for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year and those over 13 to 80 days.

当然，孩子们还有机会在一些大型演出中露脸并赚点小钱。一些舞台学校在孩子很小的时候就给他们提供了非常多的专业工作，但法律严格限制可以做的工作数量。13岁以下的孩子一年只能做40天，而13以上的孩子一年可以做80天。

The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don't make it? While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case.

高考英语试卷结构?

D. Stories for children are easy to remember. 2. The author explains the law of overlearning by.

高考全国一卷英语试卷结构由四部分组成，试卷总分150分

The answer is in a little piece of your DNA called a gene enhancer(增强片段),according to scientists at Berkeley Lab. These little pieces6 of DNA switch on or boost the expression of specific genes, that control the dlopment of the face and head before birth. What's interesting about these little influential bits of DNA is that a gene enhancer doesn't he to be found anywhere close to the genes and, in some cases, doesn't n he to be located on the same chromosome.

节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

第二部分阅读理解(包含阅读和七选五，共两节，40分)；

节 Town: Carlisle 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

第四部分写作(包含短文改错和书面表达，35分)

节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)

拓展

部分听力试题【命题意图】听力选材多是学生熟悉的日常交际场景，基本没有生僻词语，语速适中，侧重考查考生在规定时间内对听到的语料的反应能力和理解能力。听力的干扰因素主要在于部分题目备选项在听力原文材料中可听到，迷惑性强，混淆较大，难以判断。对于平时听力训练不够的学生是个较大的挑战。从长远来看，学生要加强对听的重视程度，毕竟听是听、说、读、写中首要的语言能力。

第二部分阅读理解

第三部分语言知识运用

第四部分写作

高考的书面表达重在设计，如何设计出让阅卷老师看了眼前一亮的句子，写出有分词，倒装，强调，修辞的句子，使整篇文章句型丰富，不单一，有效的使用连接成分使文章连贯，方能在高考中拿到高分

2020年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解B

C. Science.

Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will their child, but researchers said puzzles children with math-related skills.

C. men like their lady friends to be generous.

一些家长只要认为对孩子有益，他们就会购买任何高科技玩具，但研究人员认为拼图有助于提高孩子们的数学相关技能。

Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics dlopment in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later dlop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.

芝加哥大学儿童数学发展专家心理学家苏珊·莱文发现，在2岁到4岁之间玩拼图游戏的孩子们随后会发展出更好的空间技能。莱文说，在避免了父母收入、教育程度和父母交谈量的异后，拼图游戏被认为是认知能力的一个重要预测因素。

The researchers yzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during ryday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age he better spatial skills when assesGreat writers are those who not only he great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which he powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clr use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their ition and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common.sed at 54 months of age.

研究人员分析了53对父母与子女在家庭日常活动中的视频记录，发现26至46个月之间玩拼图游戏的孩子在54个月大时空间技能更好。

“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.

The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to he children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Howr, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.

研究人员要求父母像平时一样与孩子互动，研究中约有一半的孩子曾玩过拼图游戏。高收入的父母往往让孩子多玩些拼图，玩拼图的男孩和女孩都会有更好的空间技能。不过，男孩往往玩的拼图比女孩的更复杂，男孩的父母在玩拼图游戏时比女孩的父母提供了更多的空间语言，也更活跃。

研究结果发表在《发展科学》杂志上。

2010年高考英语全国卷2 - 阅读理解E

C. Gene enhancers he soming to do with the facial dlopment according to the research

How words came into being is unknown. All we assume is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could talk with each other. Later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be put toger to show those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, wher spoken or written in letters, are called words.

文字如何产生还不得而知。我们推测是早期某些人发明了某种声音，以某种方式来表达思想、感情、行为和事物，便于彼此交谈。后来他们约定某些符号，称为字母，组合起来表达声音，也可以书写。这些可以说也The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies he found itive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decor影响阅读理解的因素可分为知识性障碍和非知识性障碍。知识性障碍包括：1.词汇障碍2..语法障碍 3.背景知识障碍 。非知识性障碍包括：1. 心理障碍 2.阅读习惯. 3..阅读速度4.阅读技巧ated with houseplants.可以写的声音，称为文字。

伟大的作家不伟大的思想，还能用语言表达这些思想，对我们的思想和感情产生巨大影响。语言的巧妙运用就是我们所说的文学风格。最重要的是，真正的诗人是一位文字。他可以用音乐一般的文字表达他的意思，而这些文字的位置和组合可以让人感动得流泪。因此，我们应该学会谨慎地选择文字，并正确地使用，否则我们的演讲只会变得愚蠢和平庸。