考点一、状语从句中的省略
2017年江苏高考英语c篇解析_2017江苏高考英语c翻译
2017年江苏高考英语c篇解析_2017江苏高考英语c翻译
(1) 当主句主语与从句主语相同(或从句主语为it),并且从句谓语中含be动词,常将从句主语和be动词省略,构成省略形式。
(2) as / than比较状语从句时,从句通常使用省略形式。如:He earns less than his wife (does).
When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012安徽)
A. asking B. asked
C. hing asked D. to be asked
解析:BWhen的状语从句,When he was asked for his views about his teaching job。
考点二、动词不定式的省略
(1)在主动语态中,感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时将不定式符号to省略。
The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.
C. pick up D. picking up
解析: Chad是使役动词,to。
(2) 在同一句话或同一情景对话中,当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时,可以只保留不定式符号to。
The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the pol _____. (2013课标1)
A. not to do B. not to
C. not do D. do not
解析:B “在路边停车”这一动作前面已经提到,:… but was asked by the pol not to park his car near the roadside.
[] 句式would he done sth, should he done sth, ought to he done sth, needn’t he done sth, used to be...等省略形式为 would he, should he, ought to he, needn’t he, used to be。要保留不定式后的he或be。如:
—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be (a sailor).
so / not
英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容,I’m afraid / I hope / I think / I guess / I beli / I expect / I supe等开头的答语中,: if so / if not
【考例1】
—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?
—_____ Wait till you are old enough, dear. (2010全国I)
A. Will you? B. Why not?
C. I hope so. D. I’m afraid not.
解析: D: I don’t think so. = I think not. I don’t expect so. = I expect not. 2】
—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
—_____.
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not
解析:DI guess not 中的not 并不是否定动词guess的,,: (that) the boys are not doing a good job at all. , I guess not“我不这么猜想”,“我想是的”或“我看他们干得不好”。
考点四、情景交际中的省略
在情景对话中,常常省略大家都知道的内容或不会引起歧义的部分,只保留主干部分或。
—Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.
—Sure. _____. (2012四川)
A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will
解析:D。答语句意:当然,我会的。I will后面省略了come back again sometime。
倒装
考点一、完全倒装
(一)在here, there, now, then, away, down, in, up, off, out等副词开头的句子中(主语一般为名词,be, come, go, run等),
Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____. (2009上海)
A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thief
C. the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief
解析:D。句意:一听到狗叫得厉害,小偷赶紧逃走了。副词away位于句头,使用完全倒装。
(二) 地点状语位于句首时,主语为名词且谓语动词为不及物动词(如lie, stand, sit等),常使用完全倒装句式。
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
解析:A:At no time _____ the rules of the . It was unfair to punish them. (2013辽宁)
A. they actually broke
C. did they actually break
D. they had actually broken
解析:C。at no time为否定词语,因此主句用部分倒装结构。句意:实际上他们从没有打破游戏规则。处罚他们是不公平的。
(二)“only+状语”位于句首时引起的部分倒装
Only with the greatest of luck _____ to escape from the rising flood waters. (2012上海)
A. mad she B. she mad
C. did she ma D. she did ma
解析:C。句意:她最终逃脱了上涨的洪水,只是因为运气。
(三) 在so…that句型中,如果so的部分位于句首,则主句要使用部分倒装。
So sudden _____ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did
C. was the attack D. the attack was
解析:C。句意:这次袭击非常突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。sudden是形容词,在句中作表语,故动词应用was。
(四) as或though让步状语从句置于句首时引起的部分倒装(although不能倒装)。其倒装句型是:表语(形容词或单个名词)/ 状语 / 谓语中的行为动词(动词原形)+as / though+主语+…。
Hot _____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (2012陕西)
A. although B. as
C. while D. howr
解析:BHot as the night air was尽管夜晚的空气很热。
(五) so / neither / nor位于句首表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物, so 用于肯定情况,neither / nor用于否定情况。其句型是: so / neither / nor+ / 系动词 / 情态动词+
Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _____.
A. I was neither B. neither was I
C. I was either D. either was I
解析:B:
1】
The head will not permit the change in the course, nor _____ it a thought.
A. does he n give B. he n gives
C. will he n give D. he will n give
解析:C2】
This is not my story, nor _____ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there B. there is
C. is it D. it is
解析:C。句中it代指前面的This,nor在句中表示连续的否定。
(2) neither…nor…连接并列成分,且neither和nor放于句首,前后都倒装。连接并列主语时不倒装。
Neither does he work hard, nor is he interested in math.
Neither he nor I am a student.
—John is very polite. 约翰很有礼貌。—So he is. 他确实如此。
(4) 当前面有两个(或两个以上)不同动作也适用于后者时,常用“so + it + be + with + ”结构。
(六) hardly…when / no sooner…than / not until等连接复合句时,如果hardly, no sooner, not until放于句首,主句使用部分倒装,从句不倒装; not only…but also连接并列分句时,如果not only放于句首, 前一个分句使用部分倒装,后一个分句不倒装。
【考例1】
Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _____ hing a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered B. had he considered
C. he considered D. did he consider
解析:DNot until位于句首时,2】
The comr was used in teaching. As a result, not only _____, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. sed was teachers’ energy
B. was teachers’ energy sed
C. teachers’ energy was sed
D. was sed teachers’ energy
解析:Bnot only…but also…连接并列分句,not only
【考例3】
—Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner _____ than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
解析:Ano sooner…than句型,no sooner位于句首时,: Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients. 练习题:
1. —How about going for a walk?
—_____ great. Let’s get going.
A. Sound B. Sounding C. To sound D. Sounds
2. —I didn’t go to the party yesterday.
—Oh, but you _____.
A. ought to B. should he C. must he D. should
3. — Can you still catch the last bus?
— I’m afraid _____. It left ten minutes ago.
A. so B. not to C. not D. that not
4. _____ word by word, needless to say, the passage will be difficult to understand.
A. If translating B. Hing translated C. If translated D. To translate
5. I like this red bike better than that black one, but it costs almost tw _____.
A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many
6. He has been out of work for half a year. Do you know the difficulty he has _____ the family?
A. supported B. supporting C. to support D. support
7. It’s recommended that the plan he put forward _____ discussed at the next meeting.
A. be B. would be C. was D. must be
8. Mary opened the door. There _____ she had nr seen before.
A. a boy did stand B. a boy stood C. did a boy stand D. stood a boy
9. Under the tree _____ of about ten, who was waiting for his mother to come back.
A. a boy sat B. did a boy sit C. sat a boy D. a boy did sit
10. I’m very sorry. _____ you are a vegetarian (吃素的人), I wouldn’t he cooked this pork for you.
A. Had I known B. Did I know C. I had known D. I knew
11. —Will Peter go to the party?
—If Mary doesn’t go, _____.
A. so will he B. neither will he C. neither he does D. so he will
A. So it is B. So is it with C. So is it D. So it is with
13. Nr in my life _____ such delicious food. Can you l me how you cooked it?
A. I he had B. had I C. he I had D. I had
14. —May I he permission to lee the table?
—Not until _____ their food.
A. has ryone finished B. ryone has finished
C. will ryone finish D. ryone will finish
15. As far as I know, not only is he interested in science, but also _____ a gift for music.
A. has he B. does he he C. does he he D. he has
16. It’s years since we last saw each other. So much _____ that I can hardly recognize him.
A. has he changed B. he has changed C. he does change D. he changes
17. Only when you he learned a lesson from failure _____ greater progress.
A. can you make B. you can make C. you will make D. you make
18. _____, she couldn’t work out the maths problem. So she turned to her teacher for .
A. Might she as try B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as she might
19. The customer said that no sooner _____ the comr than it stopped working.
A. he had started B. had he started C. has he started D. he started
20. No matter how _____ outside, he insisted on going to the railway station to meet his friend.
A. heily was it raining B. it was raining heily
C. heily it was raining D. was it raining heily
21. As far as we know, Tom spends at least as much time chatting on line as he _____ his homework.
A. does doing B. does C. doing D. does to do
22. I’m sorry I hurt you. I didn’t mean _____.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
23. —Is Peter coming with us?
—I hope _____. He is really interesting.
A. that B. it C. not D. so
24. Hardly _____ our walk when it began to rain.
A. we began B. we had begun C. had we begun D. he we begun
25. Mr. Black was teaching math in a college last year and he still _____ now.
A. does B. do C. was D. is 参及解析:
1-5 DBCCA 6-10 BADCA11-15 BDCBD 16-20 AADBC 21-25 ABDCD
1. D。句中省略主语。Sounds great.=It sounds great. 听起来不错。
2. B。根据上句可知是谈论过去的情况,故应该用“情态动词+he done”结构。句子采用省略形式“should he”。
3. C。英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容。I’m afraid not补全为:I’m afraid I can’t catch the last bus.
4. C。If translated= If it is translated. 当主句主语与状语从句主语相同(或从句主语为it),并且从句谓语中含be动词,常将从句主语和be动词省略。
5. A。补全句子为but it costs almost tw as much as that one. 句意为:比起那辆黑色自行车,我更喜欢这辆红色的,但是这辆是那辆的两倍价钱。
6. B。此题考查句式he difficulty (in) doing sth. 其中in可以省略。省略介词in的常考句式还有 spend + 时间+(in) doing sth (某人花费时间做某事)。
7. A。虚拟语气用在名词性从句中,should可省略。根据句意应用被动语态。
9. C。作地点状语的介词短语置于句首时,句子常用完全倒装形式。句意:在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。他在等他妈妈回来。
10. A。在虚拟语气条件句中,若从句的谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。句意:很抱歉。如果我当时知道你吃素的话,就不会煮猪肉给你吃了。
11. B。表示前面所说的否定的情况也适合于另一个人,用“nor/neither +助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词+主语”结构。if的 条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
12. D。当前面有两个(或两个以上)不同动作也适用于后者时,常用“so it be with ”结构。 句意:他叔叔是个工人,在一家工厂工作了十年多了。他婶婶也是如此。
13. C。表示否定意义的词或词组如nr / seldom / not / little / nowhere / hardly / in no case / in no sense / by no means等开头的句子,常用部分倒装结构。句意:我一辈子从未吃过这么美味的食品。你能告诉我你是怎么做的吗?根据句意可知,应该用现在完成时。
14. B。not until 位于句首时,主句用部分倒装语序,而until的句子不倒装。until从句中用现在完成时代替将来完成时。补全答语为Not until ryone has finished their food may you he permission to lee the table。
15. D。not only…but also…连接两个分句,且not only位于句首时,not only后面的分句倒装,but also后面的分句不倒装。句意为:据我所知,他不仅对科学感兴趣,而且对音乐也颇有天赋。
16. A。在“so…that…”结构中,so及所修饰的部分置于句首时,主句用部分倒装结构。句意:我们好多年没见面了。他变化如此大以致我几乎认不出来了。
17. A。only修饰状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句等) 位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。句意为:只有当你从失败中汲取教训时,才能取得更大的进步。
18. D。as的让步状语从句置于句首时,一般采用部分倒装。须将表语、状语或动词原形提前。句意:尽管她尽力了,可是她不能解出这道数学题。所以她去找老师帮忙。
19. B。hardly …when…或 no sooner…than….句型中,如果hardly, no sooner放于句首,前面主句使用部分倒装,后面从句不倒装。句意:那位顾客说他刚启动这台计算机,它就不运转了。
20. C。howr, no matter how 修饰形容词或副词时要前置,用以加强语气,该让步状语从句的主谓不倒装。句意为:不管外面下多大的雨,他也要坚持去火车站接朋友。又如:Howr hard the problem is, I am determined to work it out. 不管这道题有多难,我也决心将它算出来。
21. A。此题考查spend+时间+(in) doing sth.句式。does代替动词spends。句意为“据我所知,汤姆花在上网聊天的时间至少和花在做作业上的时间一样多。”
22. B。当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时,通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。补全为:I didn’t mean to hurt you. mean to do sth意为“打算做某事”,mean doing意为“意味着……”。句意:对不起,我弄伤了你。我不是故意的。
23. D。英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容。句意为:——彼得和我们一起去吗?——我希望如此。他真的很有趣。
24. C。hardly…when句型中,如果hardly放于句首,主句使用部分倒装,从句不倒装。hardly后面一般用过去完成时。
25. D。句意:Mr. Black去年在一所大学教数学,他现在仍在教。 由题意及句中的still可知,Mr. Black现在仍在教书,应用现在进行时。为了避免重复,is后面省略了前面提到的相同部分。
2011年和2012年江苏高考英语难度相较于08-10年而言,稳中有变,难度中等,2013年难度较大,特别是阅读理解方面,其中D篇尤其之长。2014和2015年的江苏高考英语难度相较于13年而言,又有了较大的升级。另外,2016年江苏高考英语的难度回归到正常水平,与平时的一模、二模和三模试卷相比难度有较大降低。17年江苏高考英语难度是否会维持在16年的水平,还需17年江苏高考考生拭目以待。
解析:D。might意为“可能”。When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion enthusiast are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria.
当你想给环保人士的日购物清单增加些什么时,你可能不会想到皮毛。但是一些生态学家和时尚发烧友们正试图恢复海狸鼠皮毛的市场。
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn he showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur – unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands ry year,” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
新奥尔良和布鲁克林的不同寻常时装秀展示了海狸鼠皮毛制成的不同风格的服装。“谈论没有罪恶感的皮毛听起来很疯狂——除非你知道海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地,”Righteous Fur(正义皮毛)项目总监克里·麦克里说。
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay ters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
斯安那州的科学家非常担心,他们决定付给猎人每尾5美元。一些皮毛最终出现在时装秀上,比如上个月布鲁克林的时装秀。
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The eco down there can’t handle this non-native species. It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
海狸鼠是皮毛农场主从阿根廷带到这里并放生的。“那里【考例】的生态系统无法应对这种非本土物种,它正在破坏环境”,这一领域的专家迈克尔·马西米说。
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
几十年来,皮毛贸易一直控制着海狸鼠数量,但是20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场崩溃后,这些猫一样大小的动物疯狂繁殖。
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
生物学家埃德蒙·莫顿负责斯安那州的海狸鼠控制。他说要让人们相信海狸鼠皮是绿色的并不容易,但他对此毫无疑问。猎人们每年带来超过30万条海狸鼠尾巴,所以莫顿现在的部分工作就是推广皮毛。
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them – I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
还有Righteous Fur和它不同寻常的时尚。模特佩奇·摩根说,“给人们一个没有罪恶感的选择,让他们可以穿着,而不用被人往身上泼油漆——我认为这将是一件大事,至少在纽约是这样。”设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认,她花了一段时间才意识到,用海狸鼠皮制作作品在道德上是可以接受的。她正尝试给海狸鼠时尚贴上环保标签。
2018年山西高考英语试卷试题及解析(WORD文字版)
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷难度适中,难度较去年稳中有升,延续以往高考英语的命题思路,梯度把握得比较好,符合2013年全国高考英语考试大纲的要求。不难看出,试卷依然重点考查考生对基础知识的掌握和语言的综合运用能力,试题命题原则、难度,能力测试取向,都与去年基本保持一致,只是考查得更细化了。各题型中规中矩,强调基础、实用,对平时教学中的重难点知识做了全面考查,避免了偏、难、怪的现象,对高中英语教学起到良好的指导作用。
一、听力理解
听力选材多是学生熟悉的日常交际场景,基本没有生僻词语,语速较慢,侧重考查考生在规定时间内对听到的语料的反应能力和理解能力。听力的干扰因素主要在于部分题目备选项在听力原文材料中可听到,迷惑性强,混淆较大,难以判断。对于平时听力训练不够的学生是个较大的挑战。但因为今年听力依然不计入总分,考生和家长都不会太在意,但从长远来看,学生要加强对听的重视程度,毕竟听是听、说、读、写中首要的语言能力。
二、单项选择
单项填空考查的知识点比较全面,分布比较合理。考查了冠词、非谓语动词、情态动词、介词、连词、形容词、动词、动词短语词义的辨析、时态、情景交际、省略和名词性从句。非谓语动词、时态和连词(状语从句)均考查了两次,这三个语法点也是平时教学的重难点知识,但是对这三个语法点的考查方式比较简单,易得分。对冠词、介词、情态动词、省略和名词性从句的考查虽中规中矩,但是需要考生对基础知识掌握得非常扎实,否则也会失一到两分,比如34题考查raceagainsttime的介宾搭配,是个很容易遗忘的知识点。学生失分题还有23题,考查动词词义辨析及一词多义,这是学生的软肋;30题考查动词短语搭配,也是易混淆的词组,易失分。总体上来说,单选题有区分度。
四、阅读理解
今年阅读理解的5篇文章选材地道,贴近生活实际,体裁多样。在选材上继续保持了知识性、趣味性强,信息量不是很大,语篇长度适中,题材与体裁广泛的特点,彰显文化特色,考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。
今年的5篇阅读理解文章整体难度不大,学生答题情况应该比较好。
A篇:记叙文,夹叙夹议,描述作者的省钱之道,语篇易于理解。题目设置以细节题为主,57题、58题较容易,59题考查主旨大意,易把握,56题干扰项较多,产生干扰的主要原因是原文段有几句话都是回答这一题的,可是学生只注意到其中一部分或者因为一个生词overbook受到干扰,所以这一题有难度。
B篇:科技说明文,一项在婴儿身上所做的实验,证明新生儿就有判断力。题目设置以细节题和推断题为主。虽然是大多考生最不喜欢的文体,但是由于题目设置简单,易得分。
C篇:社科类说明文,内容围绕很多人在谈话过程中会装他们读过某些书、理解某些作家展开,分析了其中的原因及作者的看法。文章难度略微提升,题型涉及细节信息、推理判断和作者态度。这篇文章的细节题设置也需要逻辑推理,不是简单地从文章里找到原句就可以的,所以有一定的难度,比如64题、67题考查作者情感态度,需要考生很好地运用一段括号里的内容。
D篇:应用文,介绍了英国美术馆,设置了3个题,都很简单,基本不需要读完全文,可以先看题再回到文章里查找所需信息,这篇文章可以为之后的答题争取更多的时间。
七选五这种题型是第8. D。由there开头的句子中,常用完全倒装。能用于这种结构的词除了be外,还有appear, seem, remain, exist, lie, stand等。3年考,总体难度不是很大,学生通过抓住、分析语段的结构、意思的顺延等基本上能定位。两个干扰选项句子可排除性很强,干扰力度不大。学生答题的正确率应该比较高。
五、短文改错
今年短文改错难度较大,学生容易下手但得分率不高。考点虽分布均匀,但不易察觉地考查了介词、代词、连词、名词、动词、副词、冠词的固定搭配,都是细小的知识,稍不注意就漏掉了一个点。因为改错更加考查学生综合运用语言的能力,在改错题上,学生还是会拉开一定的距。
六B. do they actually break、书面表达
从整个试卷来看,考生的语言基本功扎实与否,直接关系到能否得到较理想的分数,因为本套试题突出了基础知识和基本技能在英语学习中的地位,而且基础知识的考查非常细化,在单选和改错中考查小词的比重加大了。此外,考查考生运用语境解决问题的能力依然是重中之重,考点在语境中的贯穿非常明显,关键在于能否发现他们之间的逻辑关系。因此,我个人认为,在今后的英语学习中,学生还是必须加强对基本功训练,夯实基础,从听、说、读、写四方面培养自己综合运用英语的能力,还要培养从题干中体会隐含语境的能力。
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunay, it took the explorers and t解析 D 介词加关系代词定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙。what和it不能定语从句;that不能放在介词后。he settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market ters and a handful of overly ambitious sporten. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the r-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
当探险家们次踏上北美洲大陆时,天空和大地上到处都是各种各样的野生动物,美洲土著人智慧地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。然而仅仅几十年,探险家和定居者们就夺走了这些资源中的大部分。数百万只水鸟在市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员手中。上百万英亩,用于喂养和容纳不断增加的水禽种群的湿地干涸,水禽栖息地大大减少。
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl ters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Rooslt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp pric任务型阅读要求结合心理学分析受众反应e to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
1934年,随着《候鸟狩猎邮票法案》的通过,越来越受到关注的采取了坚定的行动,制止对候鸟水禽以及对它们的生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。根据该法案,所有16岁及以上的水禽猎手每年都必须购买并携带联邦鸭票。张联邦鸭票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的,他是爱荷华州得梅因的一位漫画家,当时被·罗斯福任命为生物调查局。猎人愿意购买鸭票,可以确保我们自然资源的生存。
About 98 percent of ry duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and ailable for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs r initiated.
每一张鸭票的98%直接进入候鸟保护基金,用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地,纳入野生动物保护区系统——确保这片土地得到保护,提供给子孙后代。自1934年以来,已有超过5亿美元的资金投入该基金,用于购买超过500万英亩的栖息地。难怪联邦鸭票被称为有史以来最成功的保护之一。
高考英语卷进行评析。阅卷专家们认为,江苏高考英语卷紧扣高中英语课程标准的教学要求,对考生在英语听力、词汇、语法、英语知识综合应用、阅读理解、书面表达等知识和能力进行了全面、深入的考察。
部分的听力理解继续采用对话和独白等呈现方式,强调考生在常见语境中理解英语对话意义的能力,需要考生迅速建立话语交际的语境概念,分析讲话人的意图和含义,考察形式有细节信息、语音辨析、意图推测、结论判断等题型。
第二部分的英语知识运用包括单项填空和完型填空题,在题型和题量方面继续了近年的风格,覆盖高中阶段课程标准的教学重点和难点。完形填空的文章内容理解较为容易,但选项部分仍需要认真思考才能准确作答。
第三部分阅读理解部分的篇文章为配图的应用文体,内容涉及游客须知等旅游信息,第二篇为涉及旧的电子产品等工业废弃物与环保的关系,第三篇为涉及志愿者服务的动机分析文章,第四篇为关于“自由”与“”的议论文,题量分别为2、3、4、6。
任务型阅读的文章结合弗洛伊德心理学理论,分析了不同人群对的接受C. whichr D. which习惯和反应特征,从类别、读者反应、异类互渗等角度考察了考生在信息检索、内容归纳、语言结构等方面的知识与能力。
书面表达部分属于给材料作文的类型,提供了文字和图表相结合的三份材料,要求考生在概要叙述材料的基础上,分析导致交通问题的主要原因,并从规范和个人行为两方面讨论得到的启示。
凸显对考生思维能力和交往能力的考查
2015江苏高考英语卷体现了近年来鼓励学生扩大以英语为载体的知识面的导向性特征,继续突显了对外语思维能力和交际能力的考察,具体题型也呈现出改革和创新的特点。试卷第27题涉及到我国正在实施的“”战略,第29题涉及知名足球明星“C罗”,体现出英语教学与考生实际生活之间的关联。
书面表达延续了去年开始出现的新题型,总字数要求不变,但是增加了概要写作的任务,还凸显了考生分析材料和理解图表信息的能力,写作便于考生写出紧扣主题的个性化内容。
(一) can/could
(3) 表示对对方所说的话加以肯定或赞同时,不用倒装语序,意为“的确,真的”。如 :1. 表示能够做某事(具备某种能力)(could主要指过去);
2. 表许可; 用于疑问句表示请求(could表示语气更加婉转);用于否定句表示不允许。
3. can还可表一时的可能性。
【考例1】
I’m going to Europe on vacation toger with John if I ______ find the money. (2012全国II)
A. can B. might C. would D. need
解析:Acan在句中意为“能够”。
【考例2】
Peter ______ be really difficult at times n though he’s a n person in general. (2008辽宁)
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
解析:Ccan在句中表“可能”。
(二) must
1. must用于肯定句中表示说话人的意志或义务,或者坚决要求某人做某事,意为 “必须”;mustn’t表示“禁止”。
2. 在以must开头的疑问句中,肯定回答用must;否定回答用needn’t 或don’t he to,表示“不必”。
【考例1】
—Shall I rm him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建)
A. will B. must C. may D. can
解析: B。must意为“必须”。
【考例2】
—______ you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent. (2012重庆)
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
解析:C。must在句中意为“偏要,非要”。
(三) will / would
will (would) 表意愿, 用于各种人称的陈述句,还可表示某种习惯,或在疑问句中提出请求。主语为物时,可意为“不起作用”。
Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ______ say where he was. (2012江苏)
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t
解析:C。would在句中为will的过去式,表意愿。
(四) may / might
表示允许,和can/could一样,可用于各种人称。但要注意:在疑问句中will/would表示征询对方许可或提出请求时,常用于第二人称, would / might/could形式常表语气委婉,不表示过去时态。
—______ I take the book out?
—I’m afraid not. (2010四川)
A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need
解析:B。will/would 用于第二人称表示“请求”;而may可用于各种人称。
(五) shall/should
1. shall用于二、三人称,表示“命令、威胁、、强制、允诺”等。
2. 在疑问句中, shall用来征询意见或请求指示,用于和第三人称。
3. shall常用在主语是第三人称的条约、法律法规、规章制度等文件中表示“义务”或“规定”。
4. should 用于劝告、建议的目的时,可译成“应该”,表示主观情况。
One of our rules is that ry student ______ wear school uniform while at school. (2012辽宁)
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
解析:C。shall在句中表示“义务”或 “规定”,意为“应该,必须”。
考点二、表推测的情态动词
(一) 对现在的情况或客观事实推测
1. 对现在或客观事实的肯定推测
must意为“肯定、准是、想必是”;should意为“很可能、该……”,指按常理推测;may(might)意为“也许、大概”,表示把握不大的推断;can/could可用于疑问句表示怀疑(could则表示更不确定);could还表示现在或将来的可能性。
【考例1】
—What are you doing this Saturday?
—I’m not sure, but I _____ go to the Rolling Stones concert. (2013重庆)
A. must B. would C. should D. might
【考例2】
—Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah, good morning. You _____ be Mrs. Peters. (2010)
A. might B. must C. would D. can
解析:B。答语句意:哦,早上好。你一定是Peters夫人了。
2. 对现在情况或客观事实的否定推测
can’t意为“不可能”、“想必不会”,表示推测的语气相当有把握;couldn’t也可有此用法,但语气委婉。 may not, might not意为“可能不”、 “也许不”,表示推测的语气不很有把握。
It ______ be the tman at the door. It’s only six o’clock. (2011江西)
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
解析:B。句意:门口的不可能是邮递员,现在只有六点钟。
(二)对过去情况的推测
1. must he done过去一定做过某事;
2. can’t he done/couldn’t he done过去不可能做过,肯定没做过某事;
3. can/could he done用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的推测;
4. could he done 过去可能做过某事;
5. may / might (not) + he done过去可能(没)做过某事。
Since nobody ge him any , he _____ he done the research on his own. (2013课标2)
A. can B. must C. would D. need
解析:B。句意:因为没有人给予任何帮助,他一定是完成这项研究的。
考点三、“情态动词+he+过去分词”的其他用法
1. should /ought to he done表示过去本应该做某事却没有做。
2. shouldn’t /ought not to he done 表示本不应该做某事却做了。
3. could he done在肯定句中还可表示“本来可以/可能做成某事”。
4. might he done可表示本来可能,但实际上没有发生的事。
5. needn’t he done表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
We ______ the difficulty toger, but why didn’t you l me? (2012)
A. should face B. might face C. could he faced D. must he faced
解析:C。句意:我们本可以一起面对困境的,可是你为什么不告诉我呢?
2011年高考英语单项选择十大考点分析
2011年高考英语科有16个省、市、自治区单独命题,再加上三套全国卷, 英语试题真可谓“百花齐放”, 令人目不暇接, 大饱眼福。如今高考已经尘埃落定, 盘点2011年高考英语单项选择题, 可以发现考查了以下十大热点项目。
热点一:动词时态和语态
时态和语态综合应用均为考查的热点。例如,语境中时态的正确使用,主从句时态呼应和固定句式。
例1 —Why, Jack, you look so tired!(江苏卷第23题)
—Well, I ______ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting
C. he painted D. he been painting
解析 D 我给房子上油漆一直进行到现在,而且到明天才会完成。
例2 You’ve failed to do what you ______ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you. (四川卷第18题)
A. will expect B. will be expected
C. expected D. were expected
解析 D 不强调动作的执行者时要用被动语态,在B和D之间选择;“被期望”这个动作发生在之前,所以用过去时。
热点二:非谓语动词的用法
特别是V-ing和V-ed形式作定语,状语,补足语以及不定式作状语,宾语补足语和不定式的省略等。
例3 The retired man donated most of his sings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu,_______the students to return to their classrooms. (江苏卷第28题)
A. enabling B. hing enabled
C. to enable D. to he enabled
解析 A enabling...为现在分词短语作状语,表示他在捐献后的结果。hing enabled为现在分词完成式,表示在他捐献之前发生,不合逻辑。to enable如果作目的状语在句首时,后面可以加也可以不加逗号;但位于句末时,前面不加逗号。如果有逗号,常用only to表示意想不到的结果。
例4 I’m calling to enquire about the ition
______in yesterday’s China Daily.(卷第25题)
A. aertised B. to be aertised
C. aertising D. hing aertised
解析 A 过去分词作定语,ition和aertise之间为被动关系;时间状语为过去。如果时间状语为将来,则选B。
热点三:各种复合句的用法
包括名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句,主要考查其词的选用和语序。
A. that B. it C. what D. which
例6 To improve the quality of our products, we ask for suggestions ______ had used the products.(重庆卷第25题)
A. whor B. who
解析 A 考点为宾语从句,ask for sth;根据情景强调无论谁用过这些产品。
热点四:动词(词组)词义辨析
主要考查常用动词或多能动词以及动词词组的辨析。
例7 Thousands of foreigners were ______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.(江苏卷第24题)
A. attended B. attained
C. attracted D. attached
解析 C 表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参观上海世博会。attend,“参加,出席”;attain,“取得,达到”;attract,“吸引”;attach,“附上,连接”。
例8 Sam ____ some knowledge of the comr just by watching others working on it.(山东卷27题)
A. brought up B. looked up
C. picked up D. set up
解析 C 本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意应为“山姆只是凭借看别人作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。”pick up表示“偶然学会”,另外还有“捡起; 让人乘车,搭载;收拾,整理;重新开始”等意。bring up 表示“抚养,教育;提出;呕吐”。look up 表示“向上看;(形势)好转,改善;查阅”。set up表示“建立,设置;引发,产生”。
热点五:冠词的用法
主要考查不定冠词和定冠词的基本用法以及零冠词和固定搭配。更加突出综合语言应用能力,这完全符合新课程的理念。
例9 The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that ______ people from all walks of life are working hard for ______ new Jiangsu. (江苏卷第21题)
A. 不填; a B. 不填;the
C. the; a D. the; the
解析 A 空,来自各阶层的人,不属于特指,不用冠词;第二空,在Jiangsu 前有形容词new,因此应加冠词a,表示一个全新的江苏。
例10 If we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll he _______ better view. (山东卷第22题)
A. 不填;the B. 不填;a
C. the;a D. the;the
解析 C 本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。句意应为“如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部,就会有更好的视野。”表示“某空间内部的前部”时,front前要加定冠词the; he a good view是习惯搭配,表示“视野开阔,视野良好”之意,所以C项符合语境。
热点六:名词的用法
主要考查名词词义辨析、固定短语和主谓一致。
例11 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and nr accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ______. (江苏卷第22题)
A. expectation B. reputation
C. contribution D. civilization
解析 B reputation,“名声”;expectation,“期望”;contribution,“贡献”;civilization,“文明”。
例12 Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ______ ning dress.(全国卷Ⅱ第9题)
A. wear B. wears
C. has worn D. he worn
解析 B 当“one of + 复数名词”作主语时,动词用单数形式;当“one of + 复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句动词用复数形式;当“the(only)one of + 复数名词”作先行词时,定语从句动词用单数形式。
热点七:情态动词
主要考查情态动词表推测的用法,间或考查情态动词的各种用法。
例13 Jack described his father, who______ a bre boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.(安徽卷第32题)
A. would be B. would he been
C. must be D. must he been
解析 D 该题考查推测用法,对现在推测用must be/do;对现在正在进行中的动作推测用must be doing;对过去推测用must he done。
例14 I _______ he watched that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams. (山东卷第25题)
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t
C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
解析 A 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的——它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldn’t he done。
热点八:特殊句型
如省略句,强调句,倒装句等。
例15 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health. (浙江卷第8题)
C. carried out D. to carry out
解析 C 时间,条件或让步状语从句中的主语和主句主语相同且从句中含有be动词,则从句中的主语和be动词可以一起省略。该题中if后条件状语省略了they are。
例16 John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work ______ has made him what he is today. (湖南卷第25题)
A. why B. When C. which D. that
解析 D 该题考查强调句型“It is/ was ...that ...”,强调句子中的主语years of hard work。
热点九:虚拟语气的用法
既考查该语法的基本用法也考查在其他从句中的用法。
例17 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ______ more on its culture. (江苏卷第34题)
A. focus B. focused
C. would focus D. had focused
解析 B would rather加从句应用虚拟语气。若表示与现在时间相反,用动词的过去式。
例18 Teachers recommend parents ______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(福建卷第29题)
A. not allow B. do not allow
C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
解析 A insist, order, command, suggest (建议), aise, recommend, request,12. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _____ his aunt. require, demand, desire后面的宾语从句中用虚拟语气should do/be,其中should可省略。
热点十:功能意念项目
重在情境中考查实际应用能力。
例19 —Do you think you could do without ?(山东卷第21题)
—______. This is not the first time for me.
A. Take care B. Hurry up
C. Not exactly D. Don’t worry
解析 D 本题考查交际用语的使用。根据后置语境This is not the first time for me可知,答语应表示“没问题,别担心”之意,所以D项符合语境。
【应试对策】
1. 时态语态: 考生应熟悉普通高中《英语课程标准(实验稿)》中所要求的十种常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。做时态、语态题时一定要结合语境,抓住时间状语和从属连词,还要注意主从句时态呼应。
2. 非谓语动词: 要掌握不定式、分词和动名词的基本用法及区别。注意非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,选择表示主动或被动意义的非谓语动词。
3. 复合句: 三大从句词的选择各有诀窍:名词性从句词的选择采用从句中“缺什么补什么”的策略;定语从句关系词的选择需要“看先行词在定语从句中作何成分,作主语、宾语或定语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词”;状语从句词的选用关键根据句子的意思。
4. 动词(词组): 考生应熟练掌握常用动词的用法,多看一些英文报刊,有可能多听一些英语教学节目,注意一词多意或多性现象,特别关注一些常用动词的用法。
5. 冠词: 考生应掌握不定冠词表示泛指和定冠词表示特指的用法,还应熟知抽象名词具体化和具体名词抽象化,注意零冠词以及固定搭配的用法。
6. 名词: 考生应掌握可数名词及其单复数(特别是外来词),不可数名词和专有名词以及名词所有格,特别注意同义词辨析及常用短语。
7. 情态动词: 考生应熟知常用情态动词的基本用法,重点掌握肯定句和否定句中对现在、此时此刻及过去的推测用法,还有need和dare作为情态动词和实义动词两种用法。
8. 特殊句型: 考生应注意特殊句型往往有其特定的标志,句子结构相对固定,因此答题时要善于捕捉,然后根据积累的知识解题。
9. 虚拟语气: 考生应掌握虚拟语气三个公式(现在、过去、将来)及其在倒装、错综条件句、含蓄条件句以及在其他从句中的应用。
10. 功能意念: 考生应熟练掌握十一类功能意念项目和二十四类话题项目,特别注意英汉思维方式的异,语言得体。
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