高三马上临近高考,那么高三英语语法知识点有哪些呢。以下是由我为大家整理的“高三英语语法知识点总结”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
高考英语定语从句二 高考定语从句专练
高考英语定语从句二 高考定语从句专练
高三英语语法知识点总结
一、关系代词的定语从句
1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)
who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
whom 指人在从句中作宾语
whose 指人或物在从句中作定语
as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语
注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词
2、as 的用法
(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as
注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个
the same…that 表示同一个
(2)as与which的区别
a、位置不同
as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
Which相当于并列句,可以用and this来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况
1、.先行词为 all , much, rything, nothing , soming ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时
2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.
3、 当先行词是或被形容词修饰时。
4、 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时.
6、 当先行词既指人又指物时。
7、如有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词则宜用 that。
8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。
9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。
10、先行词为what,关系代词用that。
11、有时为了避免重复而使用tha1 选b that一般不跟在介词后边 除了 in that but that except that等固定搭配t定语从句。
三、只用which不用that的情况
1、 当介词放在关系代词之前时。
2、 在非限制性定语从句中。
3、 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。
拓展阅读:高考英语各题型复习方法
一、听力
听力属于考试必拿分。如果听力还失分,则需要多加练习,保证每天听20-30分钟,可以通过听课内课文或者课外的英语文章亦或英文歌曲都会有所帮助的。
切记:听力的提高在于坚3. We were put in a ition _______ ___ we had to accept we were less important, or fight the government.持。
二、单项选择
单项选择综合考察同学们对高中语法的把握程度,是必拿分。主要包括三大考点(动词时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句)及几个小考点(情态动词及虚拟语气、特殊句式、介词、代词)。
、同学们一定要将各个语法点系统掌握,搭建知识网。
现在还有部分同学面对众多语法知识点而迷茫着,建议同学们在一轮复习仅剩的一个月时间里,试着通过思维导图的方式,并借助靠谱的语法书。
例如:《五三》、《英语语法》,将语法点进行梳理;同时需要针对性地练习,提高做题效率;
第二、相信各位同学都有准备一本单选订错本,但是我发现有许多同学仅仅只是将题和记下,并无订错痕迹,之后还很有可能再错,那么同学们就需要找找原因何在。
在此希望大家将错题可以及时分考点集中誊抄,并写下做错原因,以防后期再错。发挥好订错本的真正作用。
切记:扎实的基础乃致胜高考之利器。
三、完形填空
面对完形,同学们需要注意做题“在精,不在多”。建议同学们可以保证每天或者隔天一定会练习完形填空。
如果练习中丢分比较多,就需要分析丢分的原因,到底是上下文理解的问题,还是词汇记忆准确度不够,或是粗心导致的呢?前期千万不要陷入题海战术中,在做题过程中结合所掌握的知识点,慢慢积累,尔后调整做题习惯。
完形解题包括读懂文章以及选对选项。
那么步便是,把握文章的体裁。例如:记叙文的“夹叙夹议”,分析中需要注意对故事发展的脉络和掺杂其中的感情进行把握。
第二步,根据上下文线索,结合平时所积累的熟词僻意、固定搭配等选择正确选项,同时还需要注意优先选择选项。
切记:主要还是从一道完形出发细致分析,将各不同考法的思路进行归纳,转化成经验。
四、阅读理解
对于不同的文体阅读和不同的题型各有相对应的答题技巧,你注意到了吗?
在练习过程中,同学们首先可以先大致将文章略读,了解其文体和大意,其次根据具体问题具体分析,精读文章与问题相关的部分。
细节题注意“读、划、定、比”,主旨大意题需要根据首尾段、首尾句判断,推断题注意只推一步,猜词题需要结合上下文等等。
针对7选5阅读,同学们需注意在练习中提高前后文联系和匹配能力。
切记:阅读是否能够看懂,除了要理解长句,剩下的就是解决单词。如果你所掌握的词汇基础远超高中,高考应该就不在话下了。阅读理解题,词汇为本,方法技巧为王。
五、写作
对于英语作文,素材&词汇&句型等都需要平时的积累。作文的话题并不是一尘不变的,一定要以素材的积累作为写作的中坚力量。
平时练习完毕,同学们一定要在老师的帮助下将作文不断修改和完善,规范审题流程及写作格式。
从应用文上看,需要同学们将各文体作文的写作模板进行熟悉;情景作文上,则需要积累高级词汇及句式,内容上情景交融、形式上长短句结合、过渡词适当、词汇使用准确和地道。
当然,素材的积累目的是为了使用,因此实际运用到写作上才能将素材真正地为我所用,在平时练习中一定要注意多借鉴和使用素材。
想要得到高分,细节也很重要,字迹需清晰,注意不要犯语法错误。高考作文的话题会跟随时代潮流进行更新,需要平时多留意时事。
切记:“清晰、准确、套路”在写作中很重要,需要多上心。
I'd like to share a story where music overcmes a physical barrier and makes a connection with a young student
碰到这样的定语从句,你把句子分成两句,这样就能理解了:
1 I'd like to share a story
2 IN THE STORY music overcomes a physical barrier and makes a connection with a young student
又如:This is a sport where brery matters more than strength.
1 This is a sport. 2 IN THE SPORT brery matters more than strength.
现在,你明白了吗?
where=in which: 意思是“在这个故事里”
这种用法得看句子结构及句子意思来定。
你这句话好象有点问题:
I’d like to share a story 【where=in which:意思是:在这个故事中】 music overcame【overcomes】 a physical barrier and makes【要不就是made】 a connection with a young student.
定语从句She wants a job where her mament skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。中的谓语时态应该一致。
我想分享一个故事,在故事中,音乐战胜身体的障碍并且与一个年轻学生建立了联系。
D where表示在故事里
1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
:1 D,2 A
1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。 3. It rained hard yesterday, ____ prnted me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
B. whicC.are searching D.was searching forh可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 4. I he many friends, ________ some are businesen.
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
D。考查介词+关系代词的非限制性定语从句。介词后指人的关系代词只能用宾格whom,不能用who替代。
5. He reached London in 1996, _________, some time later, he became an actor.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
A。其先行词是被in 1996分隔了的London。
2 是定语从句 翻译成正如正像的时候 只能用as 不用which 这是这两个词区别的一个点
3 也是定语从句 先看 后面的句子明显缺少主语 所以要用 关系代词which 因为where是关系副词 在定语从句中做状语 告诉你个诀窍 一看定语从句却成分 主语或者宾语肯定不会选择where
4 固定搭配 例如 to some extent
5选择A哦 in the play
7因为 你首先看后面那个句子 主语all the people 谓语shall live in peace 这个句子是完整的哦 所以要选则一个关系副词添枝加叶就可以了 所以就选择when 判断用关系副词还是代词 要先看看后面句子主谓宾成分齐全不 缺的话就选择that which 等 不缺的话 就选when where 作状语 要知道 句子中状语可以可无 而主干一定要全
呵呵 我是学英语的刚刚才玩问问 以后有什么不会 欢迎来问 呵呵 在下自认为语法学的不错 在解答问题同进步吧
1.that 不能用于非限制性定语从句,所以不能选A
2.all the people in the word shall live peace.是个完整的句子,所以用when 来一个状语从句
that只在宾语从句中不充当成分
1.A 2.B3.B4.to5.a6.a7.a
你确定到题没写错是吧?句义都分析不出来,the effect of ,不明白在这里跟谁有关系。麻烦你再确定一下是否抄错题,如果没有,我再想办法解答。
2、选择as表示正如预料,如果你想选b可以,条件是把逗号去掉。因为which在修饰紧跟的先行词而不是句子时,是不能加逗号的。
3、从语法上讲,后面的定语从句缺少的成分是主语,定语从句的先行词where不能做主语,另外从句义上,是说在炼油厂炼原油这件事使...成为可能。
4、不一定;the extent of; to the extent 这就是两个结构,根据不同的句子所需要的成分及句义判断,在这里是to的原因:句义是能够预测到达什么程度价格变动会影响供需是有用的,在这里到达...程度,就是短语to a certain extent;基本高中遇到extent 都是想考与to有关的这个短语,所以命中率还是比较高。
5、选A。表示在该剧中出演角色(act in this play)
6、考的肯定是control over 这个短语,其余都不能跟control 搭配。先行词是parts,不是life
7、当然不能选A。从语法上,that做定语从句词,必须紧跟先行词,否则不能用that。从句以上,所有人在那一天(on the day 作状语)生活在和平之中。on which =when。
1我也觉得选A,it is....that.....结构
2,条件状语从句,(明天我问一下老师)
3,从句中缺少主语,只能用which
4,基本上遇上extent就用 to ,正反都用
5,A,act....in....
6,he....control over sth
7,同位语从句,起解释,说6选择B over control of 或者over sth 这个要勤查字典哦明作用,
2 是定语从句 翻译成正如正像的时候 只能用as 不用which 这是这两个词区别的一个点
3 也是定语从句 先看 后面的句子明显缺少主语 所以要用 关系代词which 因为where是关系副词 在定语从句中做状语 告诉你个诀窍 一看定语从句却成分 主语或者宾语肯定不会选择where
4 固定搭配 例如 to some extent
5选择A哦 in the play
7因为 你首先看后面那个句子 主语all the people 谓语shall live in peace 这个句子是完整的哦 所以要选则一个关系副词添枝加叶就可以了 所以就选择when 判断用关系副词还是代词 要先看看后面句子主谓宾成分齐全不 缺的话就选择that which 等 不缺的话 就选when where 作状语 要知道 句子中状语可以可无 而主干一定要全
这里是介词结构作状语。它代替了一个原因状语从句而使句子更简洁。
这是短语,作原因状语。意思=because,,只不过短语后面是名词或代词,不是句子,而because后面是句子。
比如He didn't go to school because he was ill =because of his illness.(但能用完整的句子时就用句子,because是针对why的回答)。
高考定语从句考试题及
A. the way
B. the way in that C. the way which
D. the way of which
2. All of the flowers now raised here he dloped from those ___in the forest. (1997上海)
A. once they grew
C. they once grew
D. that once grew
3. Carol said the work would be done by October, _____ personally I doubt very much. (99)
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
4. _______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.
A. Which
C. That
D. It (1999上海)
5. He was very rude to the Customs offr, ______ of course made things n worse.
A. who
B. whom
C. what
D. which (1999上海)
6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
A. who
B. which
C. this
D. what (2000)
7. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. (2000上海)
A. which pr
B. the pr of which
C. its pr
D. the pr of whose
8. The result of the experiment was very good,
______ we hadn’t expected.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what (2000春)
9. He you seen the film “Titanic”, ______ leading actor is world-famous?
A. its
B. it’s
C. whose
D. which (2001上海春季)
10. John said he’d been working in the off for an hour, ______ was true.
A. he
B. this
C. which
D. who (2001春)
11. The film brought the hours to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far away village.
A. until
B. that
C. when
D. where (2001NMET)
12. _______ is known to rybody, the moon trels round the earth once ry month.
A. It
C. That
D. What (2001NMET)
13. He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for threeeg: This is the watch which/that I am looking for. years.
A. is
B. are
C. he been
D. has been (2002上海春季)
14. He’s got himself into a erous situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where
B. which
C. while
D. why (2001上海)
15. Is this the reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
16. The famous basketball star, ______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. who (2002春季)
17. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ______ I will always treasure.
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what (2002NMET)
18. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. when (2002)
19. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on comr.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. when (2003春)
20. _______ has been announced, we shall he our final exams next month.
A. That
C. It
D. What (2003上海春)
21. .George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (2004)
A. the real name
B. what his real name
C. his real name
D. whose real name
一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point
Yoeach a point where medicine can’t . 你已到了物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will he to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。
We he reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。
注:有时point也可以是具体的地点:
Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。
二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case
There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an aerb. 在一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。
三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。
四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
If yoisk soming important, you cause it to be in a erous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。
五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词ition
It’s put me in a ition where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。
六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。
【模拟训练】
01. We’re just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down toger and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
02. She had got to the point ______ she felt that she could not take any more.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
A. when B. where C. which D. that
04. It was so confusing that ntually it got to the point ______ no one knew what was going on.
A. when B. that C. which D. where
05. I don’t want a job ______ I’m chained to a desk for eight hours a day.
A. which B. where C. what D. when
06. Drink-driving is one case ______ sre punishment seems to work as a deterrent.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
07.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to
readers_______consumer complains he resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西)
A. where B. when C. who D. { A 此题是由where的限制性定语从句,先行词为cases,此句意思是“在这一章节,消费者的抱怨产生的法律上的变化的这一案例及情况将被介绍给读者”。}
【参】 01—06 ACBDBD
1. —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm ___D___ we worked. (山东卷)
A. that B. there C. which D. where
2. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ___D___ they learn s and songs. (全国I)
A. then B. there C. while D. where
3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___D___ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷)
A. when B. whose C. which D. where
4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___D___ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (陕西卷)
A. which B. as C. why D. where
5. After graduation she reached a point in her career ___D___ she had to decide what to do. (江西卷)
A. that B. what C. which D. where
以上5道题的分别是DDDDD,其中前面两道比较容易,因为它们符合“where的定语从句用于修饰表示地点的名词”这一基本用法。但是,后面3道题则有所不同,因为它们修饰的名词不是具体的地点名词,而是一个抽象名词,即分别是activity, case, point,
state,stage, situation , 等 意指“情况、情形、形势”时,词常用 where 或介词+ which 。如: We're just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down toger and talk. ( 06 山东
26. ) A. where B. that C. when D. which由于一般的语法书对这一问题很少涉及,所以许多考生对这类考题比较生疏。为帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象,正确掌握这一知识点,本文拟对where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。
用Where定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点
按照通常的理解,当where定语从句时,它的先行词就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请看以下几个例句:
1. Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other.
请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。
点评:这里where的定语从句修饰先行词one,也就是relationship (此处one指代的是relationship)。Relationship不是地点名词,但此处却用了where来,where在这里表示“在这样的感情关系下”。从定语从句的结构来看,定语从句不缺主语和宾语,词where在从句中充当的是状语。
2. Cheating is most likely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.
欺诈行为在这种情况下最有可能发生:利益重大,而且欺诈行为被发现的可能性小。 点评:句中的先行词是situations,表示“情形,情况”,词依然用的是where,表示“在这种情况之下”。这里的定语从句也是不缺主语或宾语的,where在从句中充当的是状语。
3. Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will he to accept more “unnatural food”. 除非人类能够意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度——使地球能为所有人提供足够的食物,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。
点评:这里的先行词是point,表示“某种程度,某种状况”,词where指代point,表示“在这种程度之下”。这里定语从句也是不缺主语和宾语的,where在从句中充当的仍然是状语。 从上面四个例句中,我们可以发现以下两点:,即使先行词不是表示地点的词,定语从句也能够使用关系副词where来;第二,上面三个例句中,where分别指代relationship、situation和point,分别表示“在……关系中”“在……情况下”“达到……程度”,这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词,但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。我们可以把这类名词解释成“含有抽象地点意义的名词”,此类词也能用关系副词where来进行。
先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where定语从句
当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where定语从句呢?由上文给出的例句可知,含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来,并且在每个例句的点评中笔者都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where定语从句”的判断方法。首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个词来的。为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句:
4. English is a “fixed-word-order” language where each phrase has a fixed ition. 英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。
点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“each phrase has a fixed ition”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示时间,也不表示原因。由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在词序固定这样的语言中”。
5. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument.
在学B. they grew once院里,柏拉图采用的教学方法是组织辩论,在辩论中,两个或多个学生各持一方观点。
点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“two or more people took different ideas of an argument”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是debates,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。由此可知,此处应用where定语从句,表示“在辩论中”。
6. Howr, being enthusiastic isnt for ryone and no one likes’ false enthusia, where a person pretends to be excited n about the most trivial points.
然而,热情并非适合每一个人,而且也没有人喜欢那种连区区小事都装兴奋不已的虚热情。
点评:首先,我们判断定语从句“a person pretends to be excited n about the most trivial points”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是false enthusia,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。因而,此处用where来定语从句,表示“在虚的热情这种状态下”。
通过对上面三个例句的点评,相信读者已经能够掌握在先行词不表示地点的情况下,如何判断是否使用where来定语从句了。此外,我们需要仔细体会例句中where指代先行词时所表达的含义,分别是“在……样的语言中”“在……中”“在……样的状态下”,这些含义与节所举的例子类似,都带有抽象的地点意义。
因而,我们在日后的学习和考试中应当谨记:用where的定语从句,先行词不一定是表示地点的名词,因为先行词也可能是含有抽象地点意义的名词。由此,我们需要对上一期中所讨论的“先行词是表示地点的名词”与“用where定语从句”的关系进行修正,修正后的图示如下:
3. I can think of many cases________ cultural differences really exist.
4. He’s got himself into a erous situation ______ he is likely to lose control over the place.
5. Her illness has dloped to the point _______ nobody can cure her.
在一些类似地点的抽象名词后面,也可用关系副词where来定语从句。
注意:如果stage, case, situation, ition, point ,occasion 等这样的抽象名词作先行词时,根据他们在具体的语境中指的`是时间还是地点来确定是用where, when
1.reporters often draw peoples attentions to situation ______ ____ __ is needed.
2. We he reached a stage ______ _____ we he almost no rights at all.
4. There are occasions____________ one must give in.
三、先行词(抽象名词)+关系副词(where)+定语从句
1. i can think of many cases ___ students obviously knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. (2003上海卷) a. why b. which c. as d. where 解析:先行词为case,属抽象名词,且从句中不缺少成分,故排除选项中的关系代词which和as,同时主句和从句不是因果关系,可排除选项a,正确应为d. where。
2. it’s ful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently. (2009福建卷) a. that b. when
c. which d. where 解析:本句先行词为situation,译作“环境,境遇”,用于表示地点的抽象名词,且从句中不缺少成分,故应选d. where。
3. we’re just trying to reach a point ___ both sides will sit down toger and talk. (2006山东卷) a. where b. that c. when d. which 解析:先行词为point,可译作“目标,目的”,属表地点的抽象名词,从句中不缺少成分,故应选a. where。
4. those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___ sight matters more than hearing. (2007天津卷) a. when b. whose c. which d. where 解析:先行词为activity,属表示地点的抽象名词,而从句中的谓词动词matter为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故应选d. where。
5. many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ___ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005广东卷) a. in which b. by which c. which d. that 解析:先行词为scene,属于表地点的抽象名词,从句为被动语态,且不缺少成分,故选a. in which。
6. i’ll give you my friend’s home address, ___ i can be reached most nings. (2008卷) a. which b. when c. whom d. where 解析:先行词为address,属表地点的抽象名词,且从句中不缺少成分,故应选d. where。
7. all the neighbors ade this family, ___ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽卷) a. why b. where c. which d. that 解析:先行词为family,属表地点的抽象名词,且从句中不缺少成分,故选b. where。
8. i work in a business ___ almost ryone is waiting for a great chance. (2004湖南卷) a. how b. which c. where d. that 解析:先行词为business,属表地点的抽象名词,且从句中不缺少成分,故选c. where。
9. — what do you think of teaching, bob ? — i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing soming serious but interesting. (2009卷) a. where b. which c. when d. that 解析:先行词为job,属表地点的抽象名词,且从句中不缺少成分,故选a. where。
10. ... you are considering a relaxing holiday where the scenery is breathtaking. ... (2005广东卷,阅读理解e篇)
解析:先行词为holiday,属表地点的抽象名词,且后面从句不缺少成分,故用where。
11. ... your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. ... (2005湖北卷,阅读理解a篇) 解析:先行词为territory,属表地点的抽象名词,且从句不缺少成分,故用关系副词where。
12. ... you, the customer, must pay: a reasonable charge for a serv, where no pr has been fixed in aance. ... (2005湖北卷,阅读理解c篇) 解析:先行词为serv,属表地点的抽象名词,且从句中不缺少成分,先行词在从句中作状语,故用关系副词where。
13. ... the animal is, in fact, playing a very erous with its environment, a in which it must make decisions — a matter of life or death. ... (2005湖北卷,阅读理解e篇) 解析:a 是前面a very erous 的同位语,做先行词,是表地点的抽象名词,从句中没有缺少成分,故用in which(where)从句。 小结 近些年高考试题考查where / in which的定语从句,大多数采用先行词为抽象名词或用表示地点名词的特殊形式,以此增加考题的难度。例11,12,13是2005年高考英语湖北卷阅读理解中的题目,三篇短文就有三个这样难度较高的定语从句,可见掌握好定语从句是何等重要。对于上述例题中case, situation, point, activity, scene, address, family, business, job, holiday, territory, serv,等词做先行词,考查得比较频繁。另外,还要注意下面一些词汇:ition, condition, environment, atmosphere, surroundings等,如果先行词为以上这些词,从句中又不缺少成分,也常常用where / in which定语从句。
拓展
where的定语从句修饰抽象名词的情况有:
一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point
youreachapointwheremedicinecan’t.你已到了物无法治疗的地步。
thecrisishasreachedapointwherereceiverwillhetobecalledin.危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。
wehereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了必须改一改的地步。
注:有时point也可以是具体的地点:
letthepointwhereabcutscdbecallede.设ab线与cd线的相交点为e。
theaccidenthappenedatthepointwherea15joinsthem1.发生在a15与m1交叉的十字路口。
二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case
therearecaseswhereword“mighty”isusedasanaerb.在一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。
today,we’lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofenglishfailtouselanguage
properly.今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。
三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity
thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitywheresightmatteroran
hearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。
四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation
hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
ifyourisksomingimportant,youcauseittobeinaeroussituationwhereyoumightlose
it.你如果拿重要的东西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。
五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词ition
it’sputmeinaitionwhereican’taffordtotakejob.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。(3)It may be ______ you'll prove yourself the most suitable.
六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job
shewantsajobwherehermamentskillscanbeputtogooduse.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。
idon’twantajobwherei’mchainedtoadeskallday.我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。
【模拟训练】
01.we’rejusttryingtoreachapoint_______bothsideswillsitdowntogerandtalk.
a.whereb.thatc.whend.which
02.shehadgottothepoint______shefeltthatshecouldnottakeanymore.
a.whatb.whenc.whered.which
03.thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint______hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
a.whenb.wherec.whichd.that
04.itwassoconfusingthauallyitgottothepoint______nooneknewwhatwasgoingon.
a.whenb.thatc.whichd.where
05.idon’twantajob______i’mchainedtoadeskforeighthoursaday.
a.whichb.wherec.whatd.when
06.drink-drivingisonecase______srepunishmentseemstoworkasadeterrent.
a.thatb.whichc.whend.where
07.laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_______consumerplainsheresultedinchangesinthelaw.(2008西)
a.whereb.whenc.whod.{a此题是由where的限制定语从句,先行词为cases,此句意思是“在这一章节,消费者的抱怨产生的法律上的变化的这一案例及情况将被介绍给读者”。}
现在流行的一句话就是“语法要精,就用奥风!”你可以试试奥风英语的 中学语法三剑客。中学语法三剑客分中考版和高考版。高考版包括 高考语法完全突破 视频教程,记忆大纲,和精编高考语法专项练习,三件一套,大纲供背诵记忆,练习供运用巩固,学记练一体,全面系统,配套完善,直节针对高考,可以说是目前公认的语法资料了。百度 高考语法完全突破 或进入奥风英语网站即可找到视频,好不好搜来一看便知。
省略句其实不用作为一项专题来讲解,
因为在英语中省略无处不在,在讲到具体的语法点时,比如讲到时间状语从句时,带着讲一下时间状语从句的省略就行了。
也就是只能在具体的语法点里,如果有省略的用法就带着讲一下,等语法点讲的不多了,省略的用法也就基本上都带到了,这时哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.再来简单总结一下即可,毕竟省略不是重点。
可以参考奥风英D. why he explained (2002上海春季)语 高考语法完全突破 省略句一讲。
1)由连接代词who、whom、what、which、whose、how
much、how
many
的名词性从句
上面列出的连接代词代替从句中的名词或修饰名词的词,有实际词义,不能省略。
who
--------------
人(主格,也可用于宾格)
whom
------------
人(只用于宾格)
what
--------------
物(主格或宾格)
which
------------
哪一个(名词的定语)
whose
------------
谁的(名词的定语)
how
many(much)
多少(代替名词或做名词的定语)
2)由连接副词where,
when,
why,
how,
how
often的名词性从句
上面列出的连接副词代替从句中副词或介词短语,有实际意义,在从句中做状语,不能省略。
where
------------
地H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊从句虚拟)点
when
-------------
why
--------------
原因
how
--------------
方式
3)由关系代词的定语从句
who代替人,在从句中做主语或宾语。
which代替物,在从句中做主语或宾语。
whom代替人,在从句中做宾语。
that可以与who
which
whom换用。
4)
关系副词的定语从
When-----代替时间
Where-----代替地点
Why-----代替原因
一、主语从句
1,that是从属连词,不作任何成分也没有任何实际意义,只起连接作用
2、who,whom(一般只做宾语),whose(一般只做定),which(可做主宾表定,what和which同时出现时,除了表选择含义外,几乎都选what不选which)what,whor,whichr,whomr,whosr,whatr是连接代词,其名词作用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
3、when,where,how,why,whenr,wherr,howr是连接副词起副词作用,作状语
二、宾语从句9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.
1.
从属连词:that,wher,if,不作任何成分也没有任何实际意义,只起连接作用
2.
连接代词同主语从句。
3.
连接副词同主语从句。
三、表语从句
1.
能宾语从句的连接词(if除外)皆可表语从句
2.
从属连词、连接代词连接副词均同宾语从句
3.
其他连接词:because;as
if仅起连词作用
四、同位语从句
1.
that,wher不做成分,wher表示是否
2.
其他连接词具有实义具体词性同上三个
五、定语从句
1.
先行词之关系代词who,whom(一般只做宾语),whose(一般只做定语),that,which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语
2.
关系副词where,when,why,that在从句中作状语
一、非谓语动词
“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作谓语外,它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下:一感(feel).二听(hear,listen to),三让(he,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,not,observe)。再加上 somebody(to)do soming和美国英语look at somebody do somthing。还有“二让”属特殊:get somebody to do soming 与keep somebody doing。而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话:Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成:permit,aise, practise,oid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受)。 为了容易记住,也可以编成顺口溜:“允许完成练习,建议避免冒险,考虑延期逃跑,喜欢保持想象,需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;
aise/suggest, oid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't /can’t stand。
二、复合句
1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句)
B、The news that he told us surprised rybody here. (定语从句)
关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that:有意义的是定语, 无意义的是同位。因为定语从句的that在从句中作主语或 宾语,而同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。
2、接着容易混淆的是定语从句的关系代词that与 which:that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词):which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。
例如:A、All that we he to do is to practise ry day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will nr be forgotten.
C、I he lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
三、It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外,还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。
例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是:无助(no )、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a er)。
例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make)。
例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语),可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是:It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。
例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意与定语从句的区别。
例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句)
在强调句式里,我们把强调结构It is(was)…that除去,句子还很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。
四、倒装结构
学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之,编个顺口溜:副(a.)介(prep.)提前全倒装,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动,让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句,不
倒装的属特殊。下面举例说明:
A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前,全倒装)
B、Here he comes.(代词作主语,不倒装)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前,全倒装)
D、Nr shall I do this again.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句,表语倒装)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语,主句倒装)
G、Only he can se the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装)
H、Not only will be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前,部分倒装)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语,不倒装)
五、虚拟语气
虚拟语气也是一个难点。所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。现归纳如下:纯设,用虚拟,动词时态退一级:条件句,分主从,主句谓语前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虚拟,wish后面接宾语(从句):现在过去与将来,动词时态退一级:提建议,用虚拟,宾语(从句)动词用(should)do:俩建议,三要求,再加坚持与命令(suggest,aise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd rather,后接丛句用虚拟:部分主语从句中, 谓语用虚拟结构 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do)。 下面举例说明:
A、If you came tomorrow,we would he the metting. (条件句虚拟)
B、Without air,there would be no living thi(6)______ is over is over.ngs.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should lee)now.(特殊从句虚拟)
F、I would rather you ge me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room ryday,(主语从句虚拟)
这个范围就太大了吧,你学过的都可能考
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